Glossary
Wallbang
In one line: Hitting an enemy by shooting through cover that bullets can go through.
What it means
In VALORANT a lot of cover (doors, thin boxes, some walls) does not stop every bullet. Guns have different penetration: heavy weapons and rifles go through more material than pistols. A wallbang means shooting through cover at an enemy you cannot see but know is there.
You use it when you have precise information (footsteps, a revealing ability, a teammate who sees them), and it works mostly on thin cover. Shooting walls at random just gives away your position.
An example
Your initiator reveals a defender behind a wooden door. You cannot see them but you know where they are: you shoot through the door with your rifle and hit them before they move.